Shear connectors or shear studs are used on steel construction building due to better ductility of shear studs. This property is important for structural materials to resist the earthquake. Ductility is the ability of the shear studs to deform plastically before fracturing.
Area reduction and elongation measure various kinds of shear stud behavior. In case the area is not too short, the uniform elongation mainly influences elongation, depending on the stud’s strain-hardening capacity. Area reduction is a measure of the deformation required for producing fracture and its main contribution is a result of the necking process. Because a neck has a complicated stress state, values of area reduction depend on specimen geometry and deformation behavior.
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